بهترین دکتر متخصص خون در یزد
- Diabetes Mellitus (DM) or Diabetes refers to a chronic disease associated with body’s metabolism -the process in which the body uses food for providing energy and growth- and managing high blood glucose levels. Glucose is supplied from food. Diabetes describes a number of diseases dealing with insulin hormone. Pancreas produces insulin, the hormone that is responsible for adjusting body’s cells glucose to give them energy. If the needed insulin is not produced enough, the glucose level in the blood may increase. Thus, diabetes occurs. In patients with diabetes, glucose is not used to produce energy, but it returns to the blood which leads to high levels of glucose. As diabetes is directly related to high blood pressure, cholesterol levels and obesity, it can lead to numerous health problems and additionally the patients with diabetes have a great potential for cardiovascular diseases.
Diabetes Types
- Diabetes includes different types; however, the three main types of diabetes are:
- Type 1 Diabetes
- Type 2 Diabetes
- Gestational Diabetes
Type 1 diabetes is known as the autoimmune disease and happens due to the lack of insulin. Actually, in Type 1 Diabetes, the body does not make insulin. The immune system attacks and destroys beta cells in pancreas which are responsible for producing insulin. Patients with type 1 diabetes need daily insulin injections.
If the body does not use insulin in an effective way, Type 2 Diabetes occurs. In this condition, patient’s body resists to the insulin produced in the blood. Without enough insulin, glucose remains in blood. When insulin production decreases, it causes the high blood sugar. Type 2 diabetes happens due to the genetics issues, decreased insulin level, or the inability of the body to produce insulin properly. It is considered the more common type.
Gestational diabetes refers to the high blood glucose occuring during pregnancy. This type of diabetes mostly is resolved following giving birth. However, most women with gestational diabetes may experience type 2 diabetes.
Diabetes Causes
- Genetics issues, environmental factors such as micro germs, family history as well as Lifestyle such as physical inactivity, the unhealthy diet, obesity etc. play effective roles in catching the disease.
Diabetes Symptoms
- Diabetes includes some common symptoms although there are differences on the symptoms related to each type of diabetes.
- Feeling very thirsty and hungry, even though you are drinking and eating;
- Urinating frequently;
- Fatigue;
- Blurry vision;
- Pain, numbness or tingling in the feet or hands;
- Sores with slow healing;
- Unexpected weight loss.
Symptoms of type 1 diabetes occur rapidly, maybe through some weeks. While those of type 2 diabetes develop slowly and over time. The process may take several years even some patients with type 2 diabetes may have no particular symptoms.
However, the main symptoms of diabetes include:
Diabetes Treatment
- Medically speaking, there is no certain cure for diabetes. However, it can be managed and patients should control the disease to remain healthy. The treatments for different types of diabetes are different. People with type 1 diabetes must take the daily insulin injection. The effective treatments for type 2 diabetes is considered some changes in lifestyle such as following a healthy diet rich in fruit and vegetables, doing regular exercise, keeping normal weight, avoiding high fat foods, controlling sugar consumption as well as taking the oral medication.
- The blood cells located in the bone marrow includes three types of blood cells: red blood cells which are responsible for fighting the infections and they are considered a part of body’s immune system; the white blood cells which support body’s oxygen and take carbon dioxide to the lungs and as the result, they provide the breathing process; and platelets which make the blood clot when injuries happen.
Blood cancers make these three kinds of cells grow in an uncontrolled way and produce the abnormal blood cells. This affects the functions of blood cells and causes the patient experience some problems such as severe bleeding and infection.
Blood Cancers Types
- Blood cancers are classified into three main types depending on to what extent blood cancer cells grow and to what extent they are different from the normal cells. Different types of blood cancers include:
- Leukemia
- Lymphoma
- Myeloma
Leukemia refers to the condition that the white blood cells grow rapidly. However, these abnormal cells cannot fight the infections. Moreover, they affect the bone marrow’ function and disturb the production of other blood cells. According to the kind of white blood cell, Leukemia is divided into four types including Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia (ALL), Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML), Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL), and Chronic Myeloid Leukemia (CML).
Lymphoma affects the lymphatic system and increases the blood cells in an uncontrolled way. Lymphocytes is a kind of white blood cell that organizes the excess fluids of the body. These excess cells change immune cells over time. They create some disorders on the function of lymphatic system and produces immune cells. Lymphoma involves two major types: Hodgkin’s lymphoma and non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma.
This kind of blood cancer is connected with the plasma cells that produce the antibodies. Myeloma cells damage the plasma cells, prevent the production of antibodies and develop the antibodies which are not able to fight the infections. It is also called the multiple myeloma due to its spread to most parts of the body.
Blood Cancer Symptoms
- Blood cancer may be experienced differently in different patients. The Symptoms cover a wide range of physical as well as mental conditions. The most common Blood cancer symptoms include:
- Appearance of lumps or swellings in the different parts of the body particularly in the neck and armpits;
- Fever or chills;
- Bone and joint pain;
- Headache;
- Shortness of breath;
- Frequent infections;
- Itchy skin or skin rash;
- Fatigue and weakness;
- Unexpected weight loss;
- Severe bruising and bleeding;
- Night sweats.
Blood Cancer Causes
- The Blood Cancer Causes is not clear yet. However, scientists believe there are different factors associated with the blood cancer including:
- Unhealthy diet;
- Exposure to radiation as well as the chemicals;
- Smoking;
- Genetic factors;
- Family history;
- AIDS;
- Blood disorders.
Blood Cancer Treatment
- Treatments for blood cancer depends on different factors such as the type of cancer, patient’s age, cancer development etc.; however, the most common treatments include:
- Stem Cell Transplantation
- Chemotherapy
- Radiation Therapy
Stem cell transplantation refers to the procedure in which healthy blood forming stem cells replace those destroyed by the cancer.
In chemotherapy, the anticancer drugs are used to stop the cancerous cells growth in a set of regimens. Additionally, chemotherapy may be used before a stem cell transplantation.
In this method, the cancer cells can be destroyed by the high energy radiations.
Hematologists in Yazd
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