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The muscle spasm control, severe underarm sweating and cosmetic improvement are regarded as the three main purposes that Botox is used. Botox is a protein that is found in human blood plasma and contains botulinum toxin type A. Botox injection is prescribed as an anti-aging procedure at low doses to remove wrinkles by decreasing the muscles activity in a nonsurgical and in-office treatment in terms of cosmetic conditions. It is also used for treating muscular conditions in medical purposes including eye squints, migraines, excess sweating, leaky bladders and etc.

Botox or Muscle-Paralyzing Procedure

It is used to remove wrinkles around the forehead and the eyes by paralyzing their muscles and it blocks the nerve impulses to relax. It will remain for 3 to 6 months.

Botox Types

The two common types of Botox are as the following:
• Injectable Fillers: these are used to increase the volume of the face or body and fill the grooves and wrinkles such as forehead lines and those at the corners of the mouth, even to fill up lesions such as skin leishmaniasis and make some changes to the nose form in a temporary or permanent way. The effects will last from 6 months to 6 years.
• Lipotransfer: in lipotransfer, patients will receive the purified fat from one part of their body particularly from the stomach and the thighs to add volume to the intended part of their body that is to be enhanced by injection.

Botox Side Effects

Apart from some allergic reactions, there are no special side effects if the Botox is effectively performed by experienced doctors. However, it may cause some unwanted effects in some cases including:
• A slight pain, erythema and swelling in the area of injection;
• Numbness and weakness;
• Headache;
• Nausea;
• Neck weakness;
• Gallbladder dysfunction;
• Double vision, blurred vision or some vision disorders;
• Bleeding;
• Dry mouth;
• Fatigue;
• Hives;
• Rashes;
• Wheezing;
• Swelling.

It is necessary to remind that Botox injection is not recommended for those with neurological and musculoskeletal disorders, pregnant and lactating women, as well as the patients with systemic autoimmune diseases.

A full head of hair is considered one of the most important factors affecting the attractiveness of the appearance in women and men. Usually, genetic factors, hormones and the age play an important role in hair loss. To recover hair loss, different treatments have been proposed. One of these treatments is hair transplant which refers to the procedure in which a balding part of the body known as the recipient site gets hair from another part, called the donor site to treat hair loss of the bald area of the head. This doctor’s office treatment is one of the most common cosmetic surgery that is performed to achieve a very natural-looking result. The hair transplantation with different techniques, which have been progressed in recent years, is provided for both men and women. However, what the patients expect through hair transplantation is achieving a natural-looking hair line with the highest density and of course without any signs.

Mostly the main reason of the pattern hair loss in men (MPHL) as well as women (FPHL) is considered a genetics issue. However, it is a result of other factors such as stress, diet, drugs used etc.

What causes male-pattern hair loss?

Male pattern baldness occurs due to a change in the hormones when a modified testosterone, dihydrotestosterone (DHT), attacks the hair follicles. It makes the hair become thinner and shorter. The baldness depends on the hair resistance against DHT. If hair does not resist against DHT, the baldness happens. The hair loss usually occurs on the back and sides. This progressive process depends on the genes that can come from each parent.

Causes of Female Hair Loss

Hair loss is a common process among women with different reasons such as hormonal change like men. It mostly happens when female hormones decrease and male hormones increase. Same as male-pattern hair loss, changes in testosterone make the hair become smaller and thinner.

Hair Transplantation Types

As the techniques have changed in recent years, there are different methods to choose which are described as below:

FUE Technique

The FUE (Follicular Unite Extraction) method is regarded as one the advanced methods for hair transplantation in which hair follicles are detached from the donor area of the body, mostly back of the neck, to transplant to the recipient area of the head. In this surgical method, only some local anesthesia is used to numb the head and the patient does not feel anything. The recovery time is short with the minimal side effects and minimal discomfort and scars that usually disappear in a week. Usually, FUE method is used as a supplementary one.

FUE Technique Benefits

FUE technique have some benefits such as:
• There is not any stitches or incisions;
• The hairs can be shaved without noticeable scarring;
• FUE is a suitable method for those with minimal hair at the donor site (typically the back of the head). So, the arms, legs, chest, and back are chosen as the donor site to get the follicle units;
• The shorter recovery time in comparison with FUT method;
• It is used to cover the linear scar remaining from FUT for the patients who have those used the FUT procedure.

FIT Technique

In FIT method which stand for Follicular Isolation Technique, follicular units are picked up one by one from the donor area by an utensil and then they are implanted in low hair or blade areas including the head, eyebrows and beard without any scars to remain. This method is not done by an operation, but an injection will be used to numb. In this method, back of the head, the head sideways as well as the body are selected as donor sites.

FIT Technique Benefits

FIT technique includes some benefits such as:
• Natural results without any scars;
• Providing a full head of hair as much as possible in the shortest period of time;
• Looking completely natural unique hair.

BHT Technique

BHT technique refers to the Body Hair Transplant and it is derived from the FUE method due to the same methods for the extraction of hair. Sometimes there is not enough hair on the head. So, body hair from other parts of the body, as as the donor sites, can be chosen to fill in the gaps on the head. Hair may be taken from the legs, arms, stomach, chest, back, armpits as well as the beard and face to cover the blade areas via the FUE technique. It is important to note that BHT procedure should be used for patients considered the right candidates for it, whose hair is not enough. BHT method should be chosen as the last solution to transplant because of the different anatomical hair of the body parts rather than the head. So, it potentially can render unpredictable results. It can also revive hope for patients that have not received any desirable results from the other methods.

BHT Technique Advantages

The advantages of the BHT Technique are:
• BHT allows the bare area to be filled in the highest density;
• If the hair of head is not enough, BHT is considered a great option;
• No stitches;
• It is suitable for those who do not receive any effective results from the traditional methods;
• The hair line can be restored.

FUT Technique

FUT stands for Follicular Unit Transplantation. The surgical FUT Method is more suitable for those who have the large bald areas on the head. In this procedure, a small strip of hair is extracted from the back as well as the sides of the head. The patient is anesthetized and after the surgery, the head should be covered to protect the transplantation for a few days. The scars and stitches will remain on the donor area.

Advantages of FUT Technique

FUT technique enjoys some advantages that may involve:
• Using all areas of head as the donor site;
•  Transplanting a large number of follicles in each session;
•  More affordable procedure than others;
• Providing a natural-looking result.

FUG Technique

FUG or Follicular Unit Graft refers to a surgical method in which a thin strip tissue is removed from back of the head to the recipient site. It is also known as the strip method. In this method, small holes are made on the head to receive the follicular units. The localized anesthesia is used to numb the head and the patient can talk, sleep, and do other activities during the surgery. This procedure leaves a noticeable linear scar on the donor site that can be covered when the hair grows; however, it will be potentially visible if one wants to shave the area. This procedure is regarded as a supplementary method.

FUG Technique Advantages

The advantages of the FUG method are considered the following:
• It is faster and more affordable than the FUE method;
• It yields the maximum follicle.

SUT Technique

The SUT method is considered the most modern and successful transplantation method in which all processes including harvesting and planting them are done by advanced machines and in an automatic way. The hair is removed from the donor site, usually back of the head, by the punch lenses. In SUT method, there is no need for surgery and anesthesia that it can be regarded as one of the advantages of this method. So, it is a non-invasive method which is done without any cutting, scar on the removing line as well as the planting line or any other side effects.

SUT Technique Benefits

SUT technique provides some advantages such as:
• No surgery, scar, bleeding and pain;
• Natural growth line;
• High density of hair, the density of hair is transplanted is three times higher than that in the other methods;
• 1- centimeter planted hair can be seen after transplantation.

The laser hair removal refers to one of the most common medical as well as cosmetic procedures that removes unpleasant hair of body from the skin. Unlike the other traditional methods, it delays hair growth for long periods of time; however, it usually may not provide permanent results. Hair fall may take for some days or even a few weeks due to the hair grows in a natural cycle. The hair will be usually thinner and lighter in color when they regrow.

How Does the Laser Hair Removal Work?

In the laser removal hair process, a concentrated beam of light (laser) is used to pass through the skin. It converts to the heat and damages the hair follicles to disable the hair growth. The hair color and skin type play an important role in the result and influence since the laser removal hair affects the pigments of the hair not those of skin. So, the people with light skin and dark hair are considered the ideal candidates for laser removal hair procedure as there should be a contrast between hair and skin color.

Why Laser Hair Removal Is Performed in Some Sessions?

The natural hair-grow cycle includes three phases: Anagen that is the growth phase, Catagen or regressing phase which is connected to creating a club hair indicating the follicle to shed the hair and Telogen referring to the resting phase in which one may notice that the hair fall occurs more than usual. The laser hair removal can provide the best result only during the Anagen phase. So, the procedure is performed in several sessions due to the hair in Catagen and Telogen transferring to the Anagen phase.

Candidates for Laser Hair Removal

All people both men and women can use the procedure to eliminate the unwanted hair from the body. However, there are some effective factors including skin and hair color. As it was mentioned above, people with light skin and dark hair are considered suitable candidates, i.e. the darker the hair color, the more effective will be the procedure. The important point is that one should be sure that Laser Hair Removal is an appropriate treatment option even if s/he suffers from a specific disease. So, it is necessary to consult the doctor to prevent any complication.

The Laser Hair Removal cannot be used in conditions such as:

• Certain Medical conditions and medications including Roaccutane (Isotretinoin), ;Tetracycline, Doxycycline, and Minocycline
• Pain, irritation or any skin discomfort;
• Having experienced another type of laser hair removal procedure in the area;
• Any sun exposure’s effect in the area such as sunburn;
• Using a solarium and tanning;
• Acne in the area.

Laser Hair Removal Side Effects

After performing the laser hair removal, some side effects may appear that are mostly short-lived and temporary issues. It is recommended to consult with the doctor if these side effects remain for more than a certain time. The most common side effects include:
• Infections;
• Redness;
• Itching;
• Bleeding;
• Scarring;
• Skin blistering;
• Reactions to anesthesia.

Laser Hair Removal During Pregnancy

It is not recommended to have laser hair removal during pregnancy since the researchers believe that the laser hair removal can harm the mother as well as the child during pregnancy. The hormonal changes in the body leads to some extra hair growth. However, it can be performed some weeks after bearing the child.

Skin cancer is the abnormal growth of skin cells and it is regarded as the most common type of cancer occurring by any lumps, bumps, spots, sores, or other marks on the skin as its first symptoms. It develops on those parts of the body which are mostly exposed to the sunlight including the scalp, face, lips, ears, neck, chest, arms and hands, as well as on the legs in women. However, it can also occur on those parts of the body that don’t normally get sun exposure.

Skin Cancer Causes

Skin cancer is regarded as one of the most common cancers that can appear anywhere on the skin. It happens due to the mutation in the DNA of the skin cells making the skin cells grow uncontrollably. It is considered some reasons for the skin cancer occurrence, including:
• Exposure to the ultraviolet (UV) rays from the sun or tanning beds;
• Exposure to certain substances;
• Exposure to intense X-rays;
• Exposure to solar lamps;
• Family history of skin cancer;
• Excessive sun exposure;
• Weakened immune system.

Skin Cancer Types

Skin cancer is classified into three main types including basal cell carcinoma (BCC), squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), and melanoma. It usually does not spread to the other parts of the body in basal cell carcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma, but it is likely to spread to the other parts of the body in melanoma type.

Basal Cell Carcinoma (BCC)

Basal cell carcinoma is the most common type of skin cancer caused in the outermost skin which is more exposed to sunlight. Basal cell carcinoma begins in the basal cells producing new skin cells that are controlled by a basal cell’s DNA. When a basal cell normally dies, a mutation in DNA makes it grow quickly leading to the abnormal cells which may cause some lesions on the skin. Due to the slow-growing masses, it rarely spreads to the other parts of the body.

Basal Cell Carcinoma Symptoms

BCC has some especial symptoms, including:
• The dome shaped bumps on skin which may change in appearance. They can be red, white or pink for the white people and brown or black for the black people;
• The red areas on the skin with itching, pain and even bleeding;
• The pink lesions on the skin;
• The pain that takes for more than 7-10 days.

Squamous Cell Carcinoma (SCC)

Squamous Cell Carcinoma (SCC) is another common type of skin cancer caused in the squamous cells, in the middle and outer layer of the skin that can spread to other parts of body particularly to those parts that are exposed to ultraviolet (UV) radiation as well as in the mouth or the genital organs.

SCC usually grows with the development of actinic keratosis lesions that usually appear like the rough dome shaped lesions in red, tan and pink. The lesions cannot be detected by the naked eye, and are felt like sandpaper. So, the treatment is very important when it happens.

Squamous Cell Carcinoma Symptoms

The symptoms of squamous cell carcinoma are referred as:
• Open wounds with a scaly crust and bleeding that do not treat;
• Warts with a scaly crust and bleeding;
• Bleeding of the dome shaped bumps that are flat in the middle;
• Red and rough skin lesions with bleeding;
• Skin lesions with an intense itch.

Melanoma

Melanoma is regarded as the most serious form of skin cancer that is caused by cancerous moles, most often black or brown; however, they can be seen in skin-colored, purple, blue, red, pink, or white. Melanoma occurs in the melanocytes cells which are responsible for melanin, providing the skin-color pigment.

Exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation is considered the main reason for melanoma. The malignant moles will spread through the body rapidly if it is not treated in the right time which will make the treatment difficult. Melanoma can be curable successfully if it is detected early.

When Is a Mole a Problem?

Moles or Nevus are usually in tan, black or brown. However, they may become darker due to the sun exposure and age. The moles are solid and symmetrical in an oval or round shape. The common moles are flat with smooth surface or raised and may change to these conditions by passing the time. They appear at any age mostly in youth. The appearance of the moles can be considered the first symptom of skin cancer. But it does not mean that each mole can cause the cancer. Those that cause melanoma skin cancer have certain signs which are known as the letters ABCDE referring their characteristics including:
• A for Asymmetry that describes their unusual shape;
• B for Border which refers to their irregular border;
• C for Color which revels their multi-colored appearance. One side of the mole may be darker than the other side or even it may be in white, blue or red;
• D for Diameter which says about their growth. They can become larger than the other kinds of moles;
• E for Evolving. They may appear different from the others in terms of size, shape or color.

However, the moles can be treated with different methods such as herbal therapy and laser therapy.

if you’re experiencing any of the following symptoms, you should see a doctor immediately:

• Some gray moles under the fingernails or toenails;
• Atypical moles with an irregular border;
• The moles with itching, pain and even bleeding;
• The dissimilar moles;
• Dysplastic Nevi (Atypical Moles);
• Colored moles;
• Developing moles.

Who Gets Skin Cancer?

Different factors including sun exposure as the main one, the environmental hazards for example received radiation treatment, heredity etc. play important role in skin cancer. However, there is a high possibility to get skin cancer for people with the following conditions:
• People born with Dysplastic Nevi (Atypical Moles);
• People with light-colored eyes and hair;
• People with fair skin and freckles;
• Some pigment disorders;
• A history of excessive sun exposure or severe sunburns;
• A history of skin cancer;
•  Adults above the age 55.

Skin Cancer Prevention

Avoiding exposure to sunlight as well as following some effective strategies can highly prevent the skin cancer. The tips include:
• Using the sunblock with appropriate sun protection factor (SPE 30) 30 minutes before sun exposure and before going out into the sun. The reapplications should be done after two-hour outdoors, swimming or heavy sweating;
• Wearing protective clothing, hat and sunglasses especially between the hours of 10 am and 2 pm, when sunlight is considered the strongest;
• Regular skin examination by a doctor (once a year);
• Periodic skin self-examination.

Is skin Cancer Contagious?

Unlike public opinion about skin cancer, it is not contagious that means it does not spread to the others by touching, kissing, using the same materials and even the sexual relationship. Just in some rare cases, it is observed for melanoma to pass from a mother to the child.

Skin Cancer Treatment

There are various kinds of treatments for skin cancer, including:
• Cryosurgery or cryotherapy: it refers to the surgery in which a very cold liquid nitrogen with the temperature between -346 and -320°F is used to eliminate the damaged tissues both internally as well as externally;
• Curettage and electrodessication (C&D, or ED&C): the dermatologists use this basic skin surgery to scratch skin lesions by a sharp curette and then burn them through the electrodessication;
• Mohs micrographic surgery: the surgery is the in-office treatment used for the non-melanoma skin cancer, basal cell carcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma. In this procedure, the skin is exfoliated and examined under the microscope continuously to ensure that the cancer cells completely are removed;
• Surgery to remove lymph nodes: in this procedure, the surgery is done to remove the lymph nodes due to skin cancer, the melanoma;
• Immunotherapy or biologic therapy: it is described as the cancer treatment which enhances the body’s immune system and resistance to overcome cancer;
• Targeted therapy: the procedure is concerned about the cancer treatment in which the patient uses drugs. Targeted therapy aims at the cancer’s specific genes, proteins, or the tissue environment that involves the cancer.

The other treatments include topical medication, chemotherapy, radiation therapy and etc.