Hysteroscopy before IVF is done to examine the reproductive system or scratch the endometrium to increase the chance of implantation. In this operation, the surgeon inserts a hysteroscope into the vagina to monitor the reproductive tracts and performs therapeutic actions on it.
Ectopic pregnancy is a dangerous situation as it can cause permanent damage to the fallopian tube(s) and jeopardize the mother's life. Severe bleeding, sharp pain in the stomach and anus, pain in the neck and shoulders, pale skin, low blood pressure, and vomiting are the first and most important signs of ectopic pregnancy.
Laparoscopy is done to either find the cause of infertility or to treat the reproductive system. In this operation, the surgeon makes a small cut near the belly button and pumps carbon dioxide gas into the abdomen to have better operative space and visualization. Then, a surgical laparoscope is inserted in the abdomen to examine the organs or take samples from them. In the last step, the incisions are sutured and bandaged.